Dynamic Microphones
Dynamic Microphones from a technical aspect operate on the electromagnetic principle, just like the electromechanical loudspeaker. Dynamic microphones are mainly used when working with a loud sound source that doesn't contain a lot of high frequency detail, because typically, Dynamic microphones tend to accent the middle of the frequency spectrum. Dynamic microphones are seen primarily in live situations where moisture and other factors come into place. No pre-amplifier is needed for this type of microphones.
Condenser Microphones
The condenser microphone, technically, is an electrical system that depends upon variations in the internal capacitance. Condenser microphones require power supply, typically phantom power or a small battery. They are used primarily in studio recording because they are known for their all around frequency response.
Electret Condenser Microphones
In the microphone world, the electret condenser microphone is a relatively new microphone (circa 1962). It works similar to the condenser microphone, but the condenser plate is made from an electret material to provide the polarizing voltage. They don't require phantom power to charge the diaphragm (like the condenser), however they do require a power supply for their in-microphone preamplifier.
Ribbon Microphones
The Ribbon Microphone (also referred to as a "velocity" microphone) is a type of dynamic microphone that uses a thin metal ribbon placed between the poles of a magnet and generate voltages by electromagnetic induction. Ribbon mics do not require phantom power, which if enabled, actually can destroy this type of microphone. Ribbon microphones are generally the most delicate and expensive microphone because they are known for their ability to capture fine high-frequency detail.
For detailed information, photographs, diagrams, manuals, user comments, and reviews on vintage as well as current microphones, visit my website at http://www.themicrophonevault.com
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